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USDA Hardiness Zone 6a

Frost Dates for 49452 — Rothbury, Michigan

NOAA 1991–2020 normals from Montague 4 NW, MI (650 ft), 8 miles southwest.

Updated

In Rothbury, the last spring frost (32°F) is around May 19 in half of years and has passed by June 6 in nine years out of ten. The first fall frost comes around October 4, as early as September 16 one year in ten, leaving a typical freeze-free season of 136 days (NOAA, Montague 4 NW, MI).

Last spring frost
May 19

50% probability

First fall frost
October 4

50% probability

Growing season
136 days

freeze-free, 50%

Hardiness zone
6a

-10 to -5°F (-23.3 to -20.6°C) coldest night

First snow
November 17

median, 1991–2020

Last snow
March 24

median, 1991–2020

Winters with snow
100%

26 of 26 observed

Snow per year
68.9"

NOAA normal

Frost risk by date in Rothbury

Half of springs at Montague 4 NW, MI see their last 32°F night by May 19; only one in ten is past it by May 1, and one in ten still has one after June 6. Planting tender crops after May 27 leaves a 30% risk of a frost on them, after May 31 20%, and after June 6 10%. The 18 days between the even-odds date and the one-in-ten date is wider than at 81% of the 172 Michigan stations behind this site's ZIP pages.

In fall the first 32°F night comes by October 4 in half of years, as early as September 16 one year in ten, and holds off past October 20 one year in ten. A hard freeze of 28°F follows 14 days later, around October 18; in spring the one-in-ten date for 28°F is May 26, 11 days before the 32°F one. The freeze-free season lasts 136 days in a typical year, shorter than at 77% of the 172 Michigan stations; it reaches 162 days one year in ten and falls short of 112 one year in ten. On average 145 nights a year drop to 32°F or below. Nights of 36°F, when frost can still settle on leaves in low, open spots, continue 12 days longer, to about May 31, and return around September 23. Severe cold of 16°F or below comes every winter, usually between December 5 and March 28.

Spring: the chance of another night this cold after the date
Low90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%
36°FMay 15May 22May 25May 28May 31Jun 3Jun 7Jun 12Jun 22
32°FMay 1May 7May 11May 15May 19May 23May 27May 31Jun 6
28°FApr 19Apr 25Apr 29May 1May 5May 9May 13May 18May 26
24°FApr 5Apr 10Apr 14Apr 18Apr 21Apr 25Apr 28May 3May 10
20°FMar 24Mar 30Apr 2Apr 5Apr 8Apr 12Apr 16Apr 19Apr 24
16°FMar 11Mar 17Mar 21Mar 24Mar 28Mar 31Apr 2Apr 5Apr 11
Fall: the chance the first night this cold has come by the date
Low10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
36°FSep 1Sep 9Sep 13Sep 18Sep 23Sep 27Oct 1Oct 3Oct 7
32°FSep 16Sep 22Sep 27Oct 1Oct 4Oct 7Oct 10Oct 15Oct 20
28°FSep 30Oct 5Oct 10Oct 14Oct 18Oct 21Oct 25Oct 30Nov 4
24°FOct 16Oct 23Oct 28Nov 1Nov 2Nov 6Nov 9Nov 15Nov 22
20°FNov 1Nov 6Nov 11Nov 16Nov 20Nov 24Nov 28Dec 2Dec 8
16°FNov 16Nov 23Nov 28Dec 2Dec 5Dec 9Dec 14Dec 20Dec 26

Freeze probabilities 1991–2020 at Montague 4 NW, MI, from NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals. Where a temperature is reached in fewer than 99.5% of years, the dates describe only the years that reach it. Not a forecast.

Frost risk on any date in 49452 →Compare Rothbury with another place →

Weather by month in Rothbury

July is the warmest month at Montague 4 NW, MI, averaging 79°F by day and 58°F at night; January is the coldest at 30°F and 19°F. A freezing night is all but certain in every month from October to April (a 90% chance or more). From July to August the chance of a 32°F night stays under 10% each month. In spring, May still brings one in 89% of years and June still brings one in 19% of years.

Warmth for growing adds up to 2,270 growing degree days a year (base 50°F), fewer than at 58% of the 172 Michigan stations. 30% of them (690) have built up by the end of June, and July adds the most, 578. Precipitation totals 35.4 inches a year, most in October (4.1") and least in February (1.4"); May to September bring 46% of it.

Monthly normals 1991–2020 at Montague 4 NW, MI
MonthHigh °FLow °FPrecip. in32°F nightNights ≤ 32°FGDD 50°F
Jan30192.6100%290
Feb32191.4100%250
Mar42252.3100%2410
Apr55343.8100%1347
May67443.489%4200
Jun75533.319%<1432
Jul79583.01%0578
Aug78573.30%0544
Sep72513.238%1342
Oct59414.197%6102
Nov45323.2100%1614
Dec35251.8100%261

Monthly normals 1991–2020 at Montague 4 NW, MI (650 ft), NOAA NCEI. "32°F night": chance of at least one in the month. GDD: growing degree days, base 50°F.

Compared with the next station

The nearest other station, Hesperia 4 WNW, MI, 10 miles northeast of Rothbury, has a last frost 2 days earlier (May 17), a first frost 3 days earlier (October 1), a season 1 day longer.

Frost dates for 49421 (Hesperia) →

When it snows in Rothbury, Michigan

The first measurable snow (0.1 inch or more) in Rothbury usually arrives around November 17, and the last of the season around March 24. Those are the middle dates across the winters of 1991–2020 at Montague 4 NW, MI, 8.3 miles away: half of years saw snow earlier, half later. Every one of those winters saw snow. The last 32°F night of spring typically comes 56 days after the last snow.

Planting calendar for 49452

What to do and when, from the 50% frost dates for Rothbury, Michigan
WhenWhat to do
March 10 – March 24Start peppers and aubergines indoorsThey need eight to ten weeks under lights before they can go out.
March 24 – April 7Start tomatoes indoorsSix to eight weeks gives a transplant big enough to set fruit early.
April 21 – May 5Sow peas, spinach, lettuce, radish outdoorsThese tolerate light frost and prefer to germinate in cool soil.
May 19 onwardTransplant tomatoes, peppers, basil, squash, cucumbersThe average last freeze has passed — still watch the actual forecast.
by July 12Sow the autumn crop of carrots, beets and brassicasThey need about twelve weeks to size up before growth stops.
by September 20Harvest tender crops, or be ready to cover themA first freeze two weeks early is well within normal variation.
October 4 onwardPlant garlic, mulch beds, lift tender bulbsGarlic wants a cold spell; bare soil loses structure over winter.

The weeks before and after the 50% dates are general rules of thumb, not NOAA figures; a seed packet gives the timing for each variety.

Where these figures come from

ZIP 49452 is 8 miles from Montague 4 NW, MI, which stands at 650 feet, the nearest NOAA station that publishes freeze probabilities for 1991–2020. 3 other ZIP codes share the station; its figures are presented in full for 49461 (Whitehall). The 2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map lists ZIP 49452 in zone 6a, the band where the coldest night of the year averaged -10 to -5°F (-23.3 to -20.6°C) over 1991–2020; a zone describes winter lows, not frost dates.

Frost dates across Michigan →

Hardiness zone and temperature range: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023 (USDA-ARS, Oregon State University), ZIP-code listing, unchanged. °C converted from °F by this site.

Thirty-year averages, not a forecast: check the forecast before planting out. How stations are matched and which pages are offered to search engines: methodology.

ZIP codes measured at the same station

Other zone 6a places in Michigan