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USDA Hardiness Zone 4b

Frost Dates for 54829 — Cumberland, Wisconsin

NOAA 1991–2020 normals from Cumberland, WI (1,240 ft), 2 miles southeast.

Updated

In Cumberland, the last spring frost (32°F) is around May 5 in half of years and has passed by May 18 in nine years out of ten. The first fall frost comes around October 4, as early as September 23 one year in ten, leaving a typical freeze-free season of 152 days (NOAA, Cumberland, WI).

Last spring frost
May 5

50% probability

First fall frost
October 4

50% probability

Growing season
152 days

freeze-free, 50%

Hardiness zone
4b

-25 to -20°F (-31.7 to -28.9°C) coldest night

First snow
November 8

median, 1991–2020

Last snow
April 11

median, 1991–2020

Winters with snow
100%

30 of 30 observed

Snow per year
55.6"

NOAA normal

Frost risk by date in Cumberland

Half of springs at Cumberland, WI see their last 32°F night by May 5; only one in ten is past it by April 22, and one in ten still has one after May 18. Planting tender crops after May 9 leaves a 30% risk of a frost on them, after May 12 20%, and after May 18 10%. The 13 days between the even-odds date and the one-in-ten date is narrower than at 84% of the 182 Wisconsin stations behind this site's ZIP pages.

In fall the first 32°F night comes by October 4 in half of years, as early as September 23 one year in ten, and holds off past October 19 one year in ten. A hard freeze of 28°F follows 12 days later, around October 16; in spring the one-in-ten date for 28°F is May 8, 10 days before the 32°F one. The freeze-free season lasts 152 days in a typical year, shorter than at 59% of the 182 Wisconsin stations; it reaches 169 days one year in ten and falls short of 134 one year in ten. On average 169 nights a year drop to 32°F or below. Nights of 36°F, when frost can still settle on leaves in low, open spots, continue 9 days longer, to about May 14, and return around September 27. Severe cold of 16°F or below comes every winter, usually between November 12 and April 2.

Spring: the chance of another night this cold after the date
Low90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%
36°FMay 3May 6May 9May 11May 14May 17May 20May 23May 29
32°FApr 22Apr 27Apr 30May 2May 5May 7May 9May 12May 18
28°FApr 12Apr 17Apr 20Apr 23Apr 25Apr 28Apr 30May 3May 8
24°FApr 4Apr 7Apr 11Apr 13Apr 16Apr 18Apr 21Apr 24Apr 27
20°FMar 27Apr 1Apr 3Apr 5Apr 8Apr 10Apr 13Apr 16Apr 21
16°FMar 18Mar 24Mar 29Mar 31Apr 2Apr 4Apr 7Apr 10Apr 14
Fall: the chance the first night this cold has come by the date
Low10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
36°FSep 15Sep 19Sep 22Sep 25Sep 27Sep 29Oct 1Oct 4Oct 8
32°FSep 23Sep 27Sep 30Oct 1Oct 4Oct 7Oct 10Oct 14Oct 19
28°FOct 1Oct 6Oct 10Oct 13Oct 16Oct 19Oct 22Oct 25Oct 30
24°FOct 13Oct 18Oct 22Oct 24Oct 28Oct 30Nov 1Nov 5Nov 10
20°FOct 24Oct 29Nov 1Nov 3Nov 6Nov 8Nov 11Nov 14Nov 19
16°FOct 31Nov 4Nov 7Nov 10Nov 12Nov 15Nov 18Nov 22Nov 25

Freeze probabilities 1991–2020 at Cumberland, WI, from NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals. Where a temperature is reached in fewer than 99.5% of years, the dates describe only the years that reach it. Not a forecast.

Frost risk on any date in 54829 →Compare Cumberland with another place →

Weather by month in Cumberland

July is the warmest month at Cumberland, WI, averaging 79°F by day and 59°F at night; January is the coldest at 19°F and 0°F. A freezing night is all but certain in every month from October to April (a 90% chance or more). From June to August the chance of a 32°F night stays under 10% each month. In spring, May still brings one in 68% of years.

Warmth for growing adds up to 2,114 growing degree days a year (base 50°F), fewer than at 81% of the 182 Wisconsin stations. 32% of them (666) have built up by the end of June, and July adds the most, 595. Precipitation totals 33.8 inches a year, most in June (4.5") and least in January (1.0"); May to September bring 62% of it.

Monthly normals 1991–2020 at Cumberland, WI
MonthHigh °FLow °FPrecip. in32°F nightNights ≤ 32°FGDD 50°F
Jan1901.0100%310
Feb2431.0100%280
Mar37161.7100%283
Apr52302.8100%1630
May65443.868%2188
Jun75554.50%0445
Jul79594.50%0595
Aug77574.40%0530
Sep69483.634%<1271
Oct54353.399%1049
Nov38221.9100%252
Dec2491.3100%310

Monthly normals 1991–2020 at Cumberland, WI (1,240 ft), NOAA NCEI. "32°F night": chance of at least one in the month. GDD: growing degree days, base 50°F.

Compared with the next station

The nearest other station, Rice Lake, WI, 16 miles southeast of Cumberland, has a last frost 3 days later (May 8), a first frost 2 days earlier (October 2), a season 7 days shorter.

Frost dates for 54868 (Rice Lake) →

When it snows in Cumberland, Wisconsin

The first measurable snow (0.1 inch or more) in Cumberland usually arrives around November 8, and the last of the season around April 11. Those are the middle dates across the winters of 1991–2020 at Cumberland, WI, 1.9 miles away: half of years saw snow earlier, half later. Every one of those winters saw snow. The last 32°F night of spring typically comes 24 days after the last snow.

Planting calendar for 54829

What to do and when, from the 50% frost dates for Cumberland, Wisconsin
WhenWhat to do
February 24 – March 10Start peppers and aubergines indoorsThey need eight to ten weeks under lights before they can go out.
March 10 – March 24Start tomatoes indoorsSix to eight weeks gives a transplant big enough to set fruit early.
April 7 – April 21Sow peas, spinach, lettuce, radish outdoorsThese tolerate light frost and prefer to germinate in cool soil.
May 5 onwardTransplant tomatoes, peppers, basil, squash, cucumbersThe average last freeze has passed — still watch the actual forecast.
by July 12Sow the autumn crop of carrots, beets and brassicasThey need about twelve weeks to size up before growth stops.
by September 20Harvest tender crops, or be ready to cover themA first freeze two weeks early is well within normal variation.
October 4 onwardPlant garlic, mulch beds, lift tender bulbsGarlic wants a cold spell; bare soil loses structure over winter.

The weeks before and after the 50% dates are general rules of thumb, not NOAA figures; a seed packet gives the timing for each variety.

Where these figures come from

ZIP 54829 is 2 miles from Cumberland, WI, which stands at 1,240 feet, the nearest NOAA station that publishes freeze probabilities for 1991–2020. 1 other ZIP code shares the station. The 2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map lists ZIP 54829 in zone 4b, the band where the coldest night of the year averaged -25 to -20°F (-31.7 to -28.9°C) over 1991–2020; a zone describes winter lows, not frost dates.

Frost dates across Wisconsin →

Hardiness zone and temperature range: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023 (USDA-ARS, Oregon State University), ZIP-code listing, unchanged. °C converted from °F by this site.

Thirty-year averages, not a forecast: check the forecast before planting out. How stations are matched and which pages are offered to search engines: methodology.

ZIP codes measured at the same station

Other zone 4b places in Wisconsin