USDA Hardiness Zone 4a
Frost Dates for 56431 — Aitkin, Minnesota
NOAA 1991–2020 normals from Aitkin 2E, MN (1,215 ft), 1 miles north.
Updated
In Aitkin, the last spring frost (32°F) is around May 16 in half of years and has passed by June 1 in nine years out of ten. The first fall frost comes around September 28, as early as September 12 one year in ten, leaving a typical freeze-free season of 133 days (NOAA, Aitkin 2E, MN).
- Last spring frost
- May 16
- First fall frost
- September 28
- Growing season
- 133 days
- Hardiness zone
- 4a
50% probability
50% probability
freeze-free, 50%
-30 to -25°F (-34.4 to -31.7°C) coldest night
- First snow
- November 2
- Last snow
- April 12
- Winters with snow
- 100%
- Snow per year
- —
median, 1991–2020
median, 1991–2020
15 of 15 observed
NOAA normal
Frost risk by date in Aitkin
Half of springs at Aitkin 2E, MN see their last 32°F night by May 16; only one in ten is past it by April 30, and one in ten still has one after June 1. Planting tender crops after May 23 leaves a 30% risk of a frost on them, after May 27 20%, and after June 1 10%. The 16 days between the even-odds date and the one-in-ten date is wider than at 77% of the 142 Minnesota stations behind this site's ZIP pages.
In fall the first 32°F night comes by September 28 in half of years, as early as September 12 one year in ten, and holds off past October 12 one year in ten. A hard freeze of 28°F follows 10 days later, around October 8; in spring the one-in-ten date for 28°F is May 21, 11 days before the 32°F one. The freeze-free season lasts 133 days in a typical year, shorter than at 89% of the 142 Minnesota stations; it reaches 155 days one year in ten and falls short of 112 one year in ten. On average 187 nights a year drop to 32°F or below. Nights of 36°F, when frost can still settle on leaves in low, open spots, continue 12 days longer, to about May 28, and return around September 19. Severe cold of 16°F or below comes every winter, usually between November 11 and April 3.
| Low | 90% | 80% | 70% | 60% | 50% | 40% | 30% | 20% | 10% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | May 15 | May 20 | May 23 | May 26 | May 28 | May 31 | Jun 3 | Jun 7 | Jun 12 |
| 32°F | Apr 30 | May 6 | May 10 | May 13 | May 16 | May 19 | May 23 | May 27 | Jun 1 |
| 28°F | Apr 19 | Apr 24 | Apr 28 | May 1 | May 4 | May 7 | May 10 | May 14 | May 21 |
| 24°F | Apr 6 | Apr 10 | Apr 14 | Apr 18 | Apr 20 | Apr 24 | Apr 27 | May 1 | May 7 |
| 20°F | Mar 29 | Apr 2 | Apr 5 | Apr 7 | Apr 9 | Apr 12 | Apr 15 | Apr 19 | Apr 23 |
| 16°F | Mar 19 | Mar 25 | Mar 29 | Apr 1 | Apr 3 | Apr 5 | Apr 7 | Apr 10 | Apr 15 |
| Low | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Sep 2 | Sep 8 | Sep 12 | Sep 16 | Sep 19 | Sep 21 | Sep 24 | Sep 27 | Oct 1 |
| 32°F | Sep 12 | Sep 18 | Sep 22 | Sep 25 | Sep 28 | Oct 1 | Oct 3 | Oct 6 | Oct 12 |
| 28°F | Sep 23 | Sep 28 | Oct 1 | Oct 4 | Oct 8 | Oct 11 | Oct 14 | Oct 19 | Oct 25 |
| 24°F | Oct 5 | Oct 9 | Oct 14 | Oct 18 | Oct 22 | Oct 26 | Oct 30 | Nov 2 | Nov 7 |
| 20°F | Oct 15 | Oct 23 | Oct 28 | Nov 1 | Nov 2 | Nov 5 | Nov 8 | Nov 12 | Nov 17 |
| 16°F | Oct 27 | Nov 1 | Nov 5 | Nov 8 | Nov 11 | Nov 14 | Nov 17 | Nov 21 | Nov 25 |
Freeze probabilities 1991–2020 at Aitkin 2E, MN, from NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals. Where a temperature is reached in fewer than 99.5% of years, the dates describe only the years that reach it. Not a forecast.
Frost risk on any date in 56431 →Compare Aitkin with another place →
Frost risk through the year in Aitkin
In Aitkin, the spring curve drops under 10% on June 1 and the fall curve passes 10% on September 12, 103 days later; that gap is shorter than at 91% of the 142 Minnesota stations with frost dates. The spring risk falls from 90% to 10% over 32 days (April 30 to June 1) and the fall risk climbs from 10% to 90% over 30 days (September 12 to October 12): both ends of the season vary about as much. At Isle 12N, MN, 15 miles southeast, the same gap runs from May 28 to September 19, 11 days longer.
| Planted on | Another 32°F night | 28°F night |
|---|---|---|
| May 2 | 87% | 57% |
| May 9 | 73% | 33% |
| May 1650% date | 50% | 17% |
| May 23 | 30% | under 10% |
| May 30 | 14% | under 10% |
| Jun 6 | under 10% | under 10% |
Weather by month in Aitkin
July is the warmest month at Aitkin 2E, MN, averaging 79°F by day and 56°F at night; January is the coldest at 19°F and 0°F. A freezing night is all but certain in every month from October to April (a 90% chance or more). From July to August the chance of a 32°F night stays under 10% each month. In spring, May still brings one in 87% of years and June still brings one in 11% of years.
Warmth for growing adds up to 1,868 growing degree days a year (base 50°F), fewer than at 87% of the 142 Minnesota stations. 30% of them (556) have built up by the end of June, and July adds the most, 546. Precipitation totals 31.8 inches a year, most in July (4.7") and least in February (1.0"); May to September bring 61% of it.
| Month | High °F | Low °F | Precip. in | 32°F night | Nights ≤ 32°F | GDD 50°F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 19 | 0 | 1.1 | 100% | 31 | 0 |
| Feb | 25 | 4 | 1.0 | 100% | 28 | 0 |
| Mar | 37 | 15 | 1.7 | 100% | 29 | 2 |
| Apr | 52 | 29 | 2.8 | 100% | 21 | 20 |
| May | 65 | 40 | 3.8 | 87% | 6 | 145 |
| Jun | 75 | 51 | 4.4 | 11% | <1 | 390 |
| Jul | 79 | 56 | 4.7 | 0% | 0 | 546 |
| Aug | 77 | 54 | 3.3 | 0% | 0 | 473 |
| Sep | 69 | 46 | 3.1 | 59% | 2 | 240 |
| Oct | 55 | 34 | 2.9 | 100% | 15 | 49 |
| Nov | 38 | 22 | 1.7 | 100% | 26 | 4 |
| Dec | 25 | 10 | 1.3 | 100% | 31 | 0 |
Monthly normals 1991–2020 at Aitkin 2E, MN (1,215 ft), NOAA NCEI. "32°F night": chance of at least one in the month. GDD: growing degree days, base 50°F.
Compared with the next station
The nearest other station, Isle 12N, MN, 15 miles southeast of Aitkin, has a last frost 6 days earlier (May 10), a first frost 5 days later (October 3), a season 11 days longer.
When it snows in Aitkin, Minnesota
The first measurable snow (0.1 inch or more) in Aitkin usually arrives around November 2, and the last of the season around April 12. Those are the middle dates across the winters of 1991–2020 at Aitkin 2E, MN, 1.3 miles away: half of years saw snow earlier, half later. Every one of those winters saw snow. The last 32°F night of spring typically comes 34 days after the last snow.
Planting calendar for 56431
| When | What to do |
|---|---|
| March 7 – March 21 | Start peppers and aubergines indoorsThey need eight to ten weeks under lights before they can go out. |
| March 21 – April 4 | Start tomatoes indoorsSix to eight weeks gives a transplant big enough to set fruit early. |
| April 18 – May 2 | Sow peas, spinach, lettuce, radish outdoorsThese tolerate light frost and prefer to germinate in cool soil. |
| May 16 onward | Transplant tomatoes, peppers, basil, squash, cucumbersThe average last freeze has passed — still watch the actual forecast. |
| by July 6 | Sow the autumn crop of carrots, beets and brassicasThey need about twelve weeks to size up before growth stops. |
| by September 14 | Harvest tender crops, or be ready to cover themA first freeze two weeks early is well within normal variation. |
| September 28 onward | Plant garlic, mulch beds, lift tender bulbsGarlic wants a cold spell; bare soil loses structure over winter. |
The weeks before and after the 50% dates are general rules of thumb, not NOAA figures; a seed packet gives the timing for each variety.
Where these figures come from
ZIP 56431 is 1 mile from Aitkin 2E, MN, which stands at 1,215 feet, the nearest NOAA station that publishes freeze probabilities for 1991–2020. The 2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map lists ZIP 56431 in zone 4a, the band where the coldest night of the year averaged -30 to -25°F (-34.4 to -31.7°C) over 1991–2020; a zone describes winter lows, not frost dates.
Frost dates across Minnesota →
Hardiness zone and temperature range: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023 (USDA-ARS, Oregon State University), ZIP-code listing, unchanged. °C converted from °F by this site.
Thirty-year averages, not a forecast: check the forecast before planting out. How stations are matched and which pages are offered to search engines: methodology.