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USDA Hardiness Zone 5a

Frost Dates for 05443 — Bristol, Vermont

NOAA 1991–2020 normals from S Lincoln, VT (1,341 ft), 6 miles southeast.

Updated

In Bristol, the last spring frost (32°F) is around May 21 in half of years and has passed by June 6 in nine years out of ten. The first fall frost comes around September 25, as early as September 8 one year in ten, leaving a typical freeze-free season of 124 days (NOAA, S Lincoln, VT).

Last spring frost
May 21

50% probability

First fall frost
September 25

50% probability

Growing season
124 days

freeze-free, 50%

Hardiness zone
5a

-20 to -15°F (-28.9 to -26.1°C) coldest night

First snow
October 31

median, 1991–2020

Last snow
April 16

median, 1991–2020

Winters with snow
100%

27 of 27 observed

Snow per year
112.5"

NOAA normal

Frost risk by date in Bristol

Half of springs at S Lincoln, VT see their last 32°F night by May 21; only one in ten is past it by May 6, and one in ten still has one after June 6. Planting tender crops after May 28 leaves a 30% risk of a frost on them, after June 1 20%, and after June 6 10%. The 16 days between the even-odds date and the one-in-ten date is wider than at 78% of the 41 Vermont stations behind this site's ZIP pages.

In fall the first 32°F night comes by September 25 in half of years, as early as September 8 one year in ten, and holds off past October 7 one year in ten. A hard freeze of 28°F follows 10 days later, around October 5; in spring the one-in-ten date for 28°F is May 23, 14 days before the 32°F one. The freeze-free season lasts 124 days in a typical year, shorter than at 95% of the 41 Vermont stations; it reaches 146 days one year in ten and falls short of 103 one year in ten. On average 178 nights a year drop to 32°F or below. Nights of 36°F, when frost can still settle on leaves in low, open spots, continue 14 days longer, to about June 4, and return around September 12. Severe cold of 16°F or below comes every winter, usually between November 11 and April 6.

Spring: the chance of another night this cold after the date
Low90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%
36°FMay 20May 24May 29Jun 1Jun 4Jun 6Jun 10Jun 14Jun 25
32°FMay 6May 11May 16May 19May 21May 24May 28Jun 1Jun 6
28°FApr 25Apr 29May 1May 5May 8May 11May 14May 18May 23
24°FApr 12Apr 17Apr 20Apr 23Apr 26Apr 29May 2May 6May 11
20°FApr 4Apr 7Apr 9Apr 12Apr 14Apr 17Apr 20Apr 24May 1
16°FMar 27Mar 31Apr 3Apr 4Apr 6Apr 8Apr 10Apr 13Apr 18
Fall: the chance the first night this cold has come by the date
Low10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
36°FAug 21Aug 31Sep 4Sep 9Sep 12Sep 15Sep 18Sep 22Sep 27
32°FSep 8Sep 14Sep 18Sep 22Sep 25Sep 28Oct 1Oct 3Oct 7
28°FSep 20Sep 27Oct 1Oct 3Oct 5Oct 8Oct 12Oct 16Oct 22
24°FOct 3Oct 7Oct 11Oct 16Oct 20Oct 23Oct 28Oct 31Nov 3
20°FOct 17Oct 24Oct 28Oct 31Nov 1Nov 4Nov 7Nov 11Nov 15
16°FOct 31Nov 2Nov 6Nov 9Nov 11Nov 14Nov 17Nov 20Nov 24

Freeze probabilities 1991–2020 at S Lincoln, VT, from NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals. Where a temperature is reached in fewer than 99.5% of years, the dates describe only the years that reach it. Not a forecast.

Frost risk on any date in 05443 →Compare Bristol with another place →

Weather by month in Bristol

July is the warmest month at S Lincoln, VT, averaging 76°F by day and 54°F at night; January is the coldest at 26°F and 6°F. A freezing night is all but certain in every month from October to May (a 90% chance or more). From July to August the chance of a 32°F night stays under 10% each month. In spring, June still brings one in 20% of years.

Warmth for growing adds up to 1,588 growing degree days a year (base 50°F), fewer than at 95% of the 41 Vermont stations. 30% of them (476) have built up by the end of June, and July adds the most, 456. Precipitation totals 49.5 inches a year, most in July (5.3") and least in February (2.5"); May to September bring 49% of it.

Monthly normals 1991–2020 at S Lincoln, VT
MonthHigh °FLow °FPrecip. in32°F nightNights ≤ 32°FGDD 50°F
Jan2663.0100%300
Feb2972.5100%270
Mar37153.2100%283
Apr50294.1100%2024
May63404.695%6136
Jun71495.220%<1313
Jul76545.31%0456
Aug74515.04%<1397
Sep67444.167%2206
Oct54355.1100%1345
Nov43253.7100%237
Dec32143.7100%290

Monthly normals 1991–2020 at S Lincoln, VT (1,341 ft), NOAA NCEI. "32°F night": chance of at least one in the month. GDD: growing degree days, base 50°F.

Compared with the next station

The nearest other station, Vergennes, VT, 10 miles west of Bristol and 1,145 feet lower, has a last frost 21 days earlier (April 30), a first frost 22 days later (October 17), a season 44 days longer.

Frost dates for 05491 (Vergennes) →

When it snows in Bristol, Vermont

The first measurable snow (0.1 inch or more) in Bristol usually arrives around October 31, and the last of the season around April 16. Those are the middle dates across the winters of 1991–2020 at S Lincoln, VT, 5.5 miles away: half of years saw snow earlier, half later. Every one of those winters saw snow. The last 32°F night of spring typically comes 35 days after the last snow.

Planting calendar for 05443

What to do and when, from the 50% frost dates for Bristol, Vermont
WhenWhat to do
March 12 – March 26Start peppers and aubergines indoorsThey need eight to ten weeks under lights before they can go out.
March 26 – April 9Start tomatoes indoorsSix to eight weeks gives a transplant big enough to set fruit early.
April 23 – May 7Sow peas, spinach, lettuce, radish outdoorsThese tolerate light frost and prefer to germinate in cool soil.
May 21 onwardTransplant tomatoes, peppers, basil, squash, cucumbersThe average last freeze has passed — still watch the actual forecast.
by July 3Sow the autumn crop of carrots, beets and brassicasThey need about twelve weeks to size up before growth stops.
by September 11Harvest tender crops, or be ready to cover themA first freeze two weeks early is well within normal variation.
September 25 onwardPlant garlic, mulch beds, lift tender bulbsGarlic wants a cold spell; bare soil loses structure over winter.

The weeks before and after the 50% dates are general rules of thumb, not NOAA figures; a seed packet gives the timing for each variety.

Where these figures come from

ZIP 05443 is 6 miles from S Lincoln, VT, which stands at 1,341 feet, the nearest NOAA station that publishes freeze probabilities for 1991–2020. The 2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map lists ZIP 05443 in zone 5a, the band where the coldest night of the year averaged -20 to -15°F (-28.9 to -26.1°C) over 1991–2020; a zone describes winter lows, not frost dates.

Frost dates across Vermont →

Hardiness zone and temperature range: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023 (USDA-ARS, Oregon State University), ZIP-code listing, unchanged. °C converted from °F by this site.

Thirty-year averages, not a forecast: check the forecast before planting out. How stations are matched and which pages are offered to search engines: methodology.

Other zone 5a places in Vermont