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USDA Hardiness Zone 5a

Frost Dates for 05733 — Brandon, Vermont

NOAA 1991–2020 normals from Salisbury 2 N, VT (420 ft), 8 miles north.

Updated

In Brandon, the last spring frost (32°F) is around May 21 in half of years and has passed by June 7 in nine years out of ten. The first fall frost comes around September 26, as early as September 13 one year in ten, leaving a typical freeze-free season of 127 days (NOAA, Salisbury 2 N, VT).

Last spring frost
May 21

50% probability

First fall frost
September 26

50% probability

Growing season
127 days

freeze-free, 50%

Hardiness zone
5a

-20 to -15°F (-28.9 to -26.1°C) coldest night

First snow
November 14

median, 1991–2020

Last snow
April 7

median, 1991–2020

Winters with snow
100%

25 of 25 observed

Snow per year
72.7"

NOAA normal

Frost risk by date in Brandon

Half of springs at Salisbury 2 N, VT see their last 32°F night by May 21; only one in ten is past it by May 4, and one in ten still has one after June 7. Planting tender crops after May 28 leaves a 30% risk of a frost on them, after June 1 20%, and after June 7 10%. The 17 days between the even-odds date and the one-in-ten date is the widest of the 41 Vermont stations behind this site's ZIP pages.

In fall the first 32°F night comes by September 26 in half of years, as early as September 13 one year in ten, and holds off past October 8 one year in ten. A hard freeze of 28°F follows 10 days later, around October 6; in spring the one-in-ten date for 28°F is May 23, 15 days before the 32°F one. The freeze-free season lasts 127 days in a typical year, shorter than at 93% of the 41 Vermont stations; it reaches 148 days one year in ten and falls short of 104 one year in ten. On average 168 nights a year drop to 32°F or below. Nights of 36°F, when frost can still settle on leaves in low, open spots, continue 14 days longer, to about June 4, and return around September 15. Severe cold of 16°F or below comes every winter, usually between November 12 and April 4.

Spring: the chance of another night this cold after the date
Low90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%
36°FMay 19May 25May 28Jun 1Jun 4Jun 7Jun 10Jun 15Jun 24
32°FMay 4May 10May 15May 18May 21May 25May 28Jun 1Jun 7
28°FApr 24Apr 28May 1May 4May 7May 11May 14May 18May 23
24°FApr 11Apr 16Apr 21Apr 24Apr 27Apr 29May 1May 5May 12
20°FApr 1Apr 4Apr 7Apr 10Apr 14Apr 17Apr 21Apr 24Apr 29
16°FMar 21Mar 28Mar 31Apr 2Apr 4Apr 6Apr 10Apr 15Apr 19
Fall: the chance the first night this cold has come by the date
Low10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
36°FSep 1Sep 5Sep 9Sep 12Sep 15Sep 18Sep 21Sep 24Sep 29
32°FSep 13Sep 17Sep 21Sep 24Sep 26Sep 29Oct 1Oct 4Oct 8
28°FSep 22Sep 28Oct 1Oct 3Oct 6Oct 8Oct 11Oct 15Oct 21
24°FOct 3Oct 7Oct 11Oct 15Oct 18Oct 22Oct 26Oct 31Nov 4
20°FOct 14Oct 20Oct 25Oct 28Nov 1Nov 2Nov 6Nov 10Nov 17
16°FOct 28Nov 2Nov 5Nov 9Nov 12Nov 16Nov 20Nov 24Nov 29

Freeze probabilities 1991–2020 at Salisbury 2 N, VT, from NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals. Where a temperature is reached in fewer than 99.5% of years, the dates describe only the years that reach it. Not a forecast.

Frost risk on any date in 05733 →Compare Brandon with another place →

Weather by month in Brandon

July is the warmest month at Salisbury 2 N, VT, averaging 84°F by day and 56°F at night; January is the coldest at 31°F and 9°F. A freezing night is all but certain in every month from October to May (a 90% chance or more). From July to August the chance of a 32°F night stays under 10% each month. In spring, June still brings one in 21% of years.

Warmth for growing adds up to 2,361 growing degree days a year (base 50°F), more than at 78% of the 41 Vermont stations. 32% of them (748) have built up by the end of June, and July adds the most, 615. Precipitation totals 41.2 inches a year, most in July (4.8") and least in February (2.0"); May to September bring 50% of it.

Monthly normals 1991–2020 at Salisbury 2 N, VT
MonthHigh °FLow °FPrecip. in32°F nightNights ≤ 32°FGDD 50°F
Jan3192.4100%301
Feb35102.0100%270
Mar44192.4100%287
Apr59303.3100%1754
May72414.092%5231
Jun80514.321%<1456
Jul84564.81%0615
Aug82544.00%0563
Sep75473.766%2336
Oct61364.2100%1186
Nov47272.9100%2012
Dec36163.2100%291

Monthly normals 1991–2020 at Salisbury 2 N, VT (420 ft), NOAA NCEI. "32°F night": chance of at least one in the month. GDD: growing degree days, base 50°F.

Compared with the next station

The nearest other station, Cornwall, VT, 12 miles northwest of Brandon, has a last frost 16 days earlier (May 5), a first frost 7 days later (October 3), a season 24 days longer.

Frost dates for 05753 (Middlebury) →

When it snows in Brandon, Vermont

The first measurable snow (0.1 inch or more) in Brandon usually arrives around November 14, and the last of the season around April 7. Those are the middle dates across the winters of 1991–2020 at Salisbury 2 N, VT, 8 miles away: half of years saw snow earlier, half later. Every one of those winters saw snow. The last 32°F night of spring typically comes 44 days after the last snow.

Planting calendar for 05733

What to do and when, from the 50% frost dates for Brandon, Vermont
WhenWhat to do
March 12 – March 26Start peppers and aubergines indoorsThey need eight to ten weeks under lights before they can go out.
March 26 – April 9Start tomatoes indoorsSix to eight weeks gives a transplant big enough to set fruit early.
April 23 – May 7Sow peas, spinach, lettuce, radish outdoorsThese tolerate light frost and prefer to germinate in cool soil.
May 21 onwardTransplant tomatoes, peppers, basil, squash, cucumbersThe average last freeze has passed — still watch the actual forecast.
by July 4Sow the autumn crop of carrots, beets and brassicasThey need about twelve weeks to size up before growth stops.
by September 12Harvest tender crops, or be ready to cover themA first freeze two weeks early is well within normal variation.
September 26 onwardPlant garlic, mulch beds, lift tender bulbsGarlic wants a cold spell; bare soil loses structure over winter.

The weeks before and after the 50% dates are general rules of thumb, not NOAA figures; a seed packet gives the timing for each variety.

Where these figures come from

ZIP 05733 is 8 miles from Salisbury 2 N, VT, which stands at 420 feet, the nearest NOAA station that publishes freeze probabilities for 1991–2020. The 2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map lists ZIP 05733 in zone 5a, the band where the coldest night of the year averaged -20 to -15°F (-28.9 to -26.1°C) over 1991–2020; a zone describes winter lows, not frost dates.

Frost dates across Vermont →

Hardiness zone and temperature range: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023 (USDA-ARS, Oregon State University), ZIP-code listing, unchanged. °C converted from °F by this site.

Thirty-year averages, not a forecast: check the forecast before planting out. How stations are matched and which pages are offered to search engines: methodology.

Other zone 5a places in Vermont