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USDA Hardiness Zone 9b

Frost Dates for 94515 — Calistoga, California

NOAA 1991–2020 normals from Calistoga, CA (400 ft), under a mile east.

Updated

In Calistoga, the last spring frost (32°F) is around March 2 in half of years and has passed by April 18 in nine years out of ten. The first fall frost comes around November 23, as early as November 1 one year in ten, leaving a typical freeze-free season of 263 days (NOAA, Calistoga, CA).

Last spring frost
March 2

50% probability

First fall frost
November 23

50% probability

Growing season
263 days

freeze-free, 50%

Hardiness zone
9b

25 to 30°F (-3.9 to -1.1°C) coldest night

First snow
Rare

median, 1991–2020

Last snow
Rare

median, 1991–2020

Winters with snow
0%

0 of 18 observed

Snow per year
0"

NOAA normal

Frost risk by date in Calistoga

Half of springs at Calistoga, CA see their last 32°F night by March 2; only one in ten is past it by January 19, and one in ten still has one after April 18. Planting tender crops after March 25 leaves a 30% risk of a frost on them, after April 4 20%, and after April 18 10%. The 47 days between the even-odds date and the one-in-ten date is wider than at 96% of the 220 California stations behind this site's ZIP pages, so a fixed calendar date is a gamble here.

In fall the first 32°F night comes by November 23 in half of years, as early as November 1 one year in ten, and holds off past December 20 one year in ten. A hard freeze of 28°F follows 13 days later, around December 6; in spring the one-in-ten date for 28°F is March 6, 43 days before the 32°F one. The freeze-free season lasts 263 days in a typical year, shorter than at 60% of the 219 California stations; it reaches 313 days one year in ten and falls short of 208 one year in ten. On average 36 nights a year drop to 32°F or below. Nights of 36°F, when frost can still settle on leaves in low, open spots, continue 42 days longer, to about April 13, and return around November 4. A 24°F night is unusual: 42% of winters had one.

Spring: the chance of another night this cold after the date
Low90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%
36°FMar 10Mar 24Apr 1Apr 7Apr 13Apr 19Apr 25May 1May 18
32°FJan 19Feb 1Feb 14Feb 23Mar 2Mar 13Mar 25Apr 4Apr 18
28°F87% of yrsDec 12Dec 26Jan 1Jan 12Jan 23Jan 30Feb 4Feb 20Mar 6
24°F42% of yrstoo rare for a date
20°F7% of yrstoo rare for a date
Fall: the chance the first night this cold has come by the date
Low10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
36°FOct 13Oct 22Oct 27Nov 1Nov 4Nov 7Nov 12Nov 18Nov 27
32°FNov 1Nov 7Nov 13Nov 19Nov 23Nov 30Dec 2Dec 7Dec 20
28°F87% of yrsNov 16Nov 25Dec 1Dec 3Dec 6Dec 12Dec 18Dec 31Jan 15
24°F42% of yrstoo rare for a date
20°F7% of yrstoo rare for a date

Freeze probabilities 1991–2020 at Calistoga, CA, from NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals. Where a temperature is reached in fewer than 99.5% of years, the dates describe only the years that reach it. Not a forecast.

Frost risk on any date in 94515 →Compare Calistoga with another place →

Weather by month in Calistoga

July is the warmest month at Calistoga, CA, averaging 90°F by day and 55°F at night; December is the coldest at 58°F and 39°F. From May to October the chance of a 32°F night stays under 10% each month. In spring, February still brings one in 60% of years and March still brings one in 37% of years and April still brings one in 19% of years.

Warmth for growing adds up to 3,994 growing degree days a year (base 50°F), fewer than at 59% of the 283 California stations. 37% of them (1,459) have built up by the end of June, and July adds the most, 685. Precipitation totals 38.6 inches a year, most in December (8.0") and least in July (0.0"); May to September bring 5% of it.

Monthly normals 1991–2020 at Calistoga, CA
MonthHigh °FLow °FPrecip. in32°F nightNights ≤ 32°FGDD 50°F
Jan59397.975%948
Feb62417.160%682
Mar66435.937%3156
Apr70442.319%2227
May77491.46%<1388
Jun85530.30%0558
Jul90550.00%0685
Aug89540.00%0673
Sep87520.10%0594
Oct79471.89%<1404
Nov66423.857%5143
Dec58398.086%1037

Monthly normals 1991–2020 at Calistoga, CA (400 ft), NOAA NCEI. "32°F night": chance of at least one in the month. GDD: growing degree days, base 50°F.

Compared with the next station

The nearest other station, Angwin Pacific Union College, CA, 9 miles east of Calistoga and 1,315 feet higher, has a last frost 36 days later (April 7), a first frost 12 days later (December 5), a season 18 days shorter.

Frost dates for 94508 (Angwin) →

When it snows in Calistoga, California

Measurable snow is rare here: only 0 of 18 winters from 1991 to 2020 recorded 0.1 inch or more at Calistoga, CA, 0.5 miles away, so there is no typical first-snow date to plan around.

Planting calendar for 94515

What to do and when, from the 50% frost dates for Calistoga, California
WhenWhat to do
December 22 – January 5Start peppers and aubergines indoorsThey need eight to ten weeks under lights before they can go out.
January 5 – January 19Start tomatoes indoorsSix to eight weeks gives a transplant big enough to set fruit early.
February 2 – February 16Sow peas, spinach, lettuce, radish outdoorsThese tolerate light frost and prefer to germinate in cool soil.
March 2 onwardTransplant tomatoes, peppers, basil, squash, cucumbersThe average last freeze has passed — still watch the actual forecast.
by August 31Sow the autumn crop of carrots, beets and brassicasThey need about twelve weeks to size up before growth stops.
by November 9Harvest tender crops, or be ready to cover themA first freeze two weeks early is well within normal variation.
November 23 onwardPlant garlic, mulch beds, lift tender bulbsGarlic wants a cold spell; bare soil loses structure over winter.

The weeks before and after the 50% dates are general rules of thumb, not NOAA figures; a seed packet gives the timing for each variety.

Where these figures come from

ZIP 94515 is under a mile from Calistoga, CA, which stands at 400 feet, the nearest NOAA station that publishes freeze probabilities for 1991–2020. The 2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map lists ZIP 94515 in zone 9b, the band where the coldest night of the year averaged 25 to 30°F (-3.9 to -1.1°C) over 1991–2020; a zone describes winter lows, not frost dates.

Frost dates across California →

Hardiness zone and temperature range: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023 (USDA-ARS, Oregon State University), ZIP-code listing, unchanged. °C converted from °F by this site.

Thirty-year averages, not a forecast: check the forecast before planting out. How stations are matched and which pages are offered to search engines: methodology.

Other zone 9b places in California